![]() The muscles and tendons attached at the back and the sides help to bend the spine backward and the muscles in the front including the abdominal muscles help to bend the spine forward. Spinal muscle and tendons around the vertebral column together help to move the column and provide stability. Together, the spinal ligaments provide structural stability to the vertebral column at rest and during movement. Various ligaments connect the corresponding vertebrae. Ligaments are strong fibrous tissues connecting vertebrae. The nucleus pulposus has a gel-like consistency which gives the disk its flexibility and shock-absorbing property. Each disk is made up of a thick fibrous outer ring known as the annulus and a soft inner center known as the nucleus pulposus. The intervertebral disks are flat disc-shaped tissues that act as a cushion between the adjoining vertebrae. The intervertebral disks connect each vertebral body with each other. The capsule of the joint secretes watery thin fluid to lubricate and nourish the joint. The ends of the bones forming the facet joints are covered with a protective tissue known as cartilage. Examples of c-spine fractures - including an X-ray of flexion. Loss of vertebral alignment and vertebral body fractures are demonstrated on X-ray. Examples of cervical spine fractures as seen on X-ray. Each facet joint is covered by a capsule. If a technically inadequate view shows a fracture - as in this case - then CT is used to complete imaging of the cervico-thoracic junction. The facet joints stabilize the vertebral column during various movements such as twisting, bending forward, or backward. An MRI should be performed before surgery to identify an associated disk herniation. Diagnosis can be confirmed with radiographs or CT scan. Each vertebra has 2 pairs of facet joints, one pair facing upwards connecting with the vertebrae above and the other pair facing downwards, connecting with the vertebra below. Cervical Facet Dislocations and Fractures represent a spectrum of traumatic injury with a varying degree of cervical instability and risk of spinal cord injury. They also provide stability to the vertebral column and aids in its movement. ![]() The facet joints are responsible for the natural curves in the vertebral column. These exiting nerves serve as a connection between the brain and the spinal cord with the tissues they supply. The spinal cord gives branches which pass through the openings in the vertebrae known as the intervertebral foramen. After the spinal cord ends near L1 and L2 vertebrae it continues down as a bundle of nerves known as cauda equina. The spinal cord travels from the base of the brain through an opening in the lower skull and ends at the level of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae. MRI showing the lumbar spine in the axial and sagittal section.Įach vertebra creates a canal upon stacking on each other, creating a safe conduit for the spinal cord and the nerve roots. ![]()
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